IATA's Analysis: SAF Pathways and Their Product Mix

Nowadays, "Aviation Alternative Fuels" made from hydrocarbon feedstock like coal and gas are produced commercially using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) method. Finding sustainable feedstocks and advancing technology are only two of the many obstacles that must be overcome in order to boost the supply of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

The ability of each route for generating sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to add to the total product slate—the optimal combination of various products derived from the refining process—varies. This suggests that, in comparison to other outputs from the refining of renewable fuels, some routes may not be able to produce as much SAF. While technological advancements can facilitate the modification of product slates, as seen in the instances of sustainable asphalt fibre and SAF, this adaptability frequently leads to lower total yields. Consequently, the industry needs to carefully balance the economic feasibility of SAF production with the diversification of SAF paths.

It is important to recognise that market forces and regulation play a major role in maximising the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). A comprehensive approach that addresses technological, economic, legal, and commercial obstacles while maintaining sustainability across the supply chain is necessary to achieve widespread adoption of SAF. Facilitating the transition to sustainable energy requires well-balanced incentives that ensure fair support for all consumers of renewable fuels and optimal outputs from refining operations.

To achieve aviation's goal of net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, a combination of actions is necessary, such as updating fleets, improving operational efficiency, and embracing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

Among the ASTM-endorsed methods for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), Hydrotreated Esters & Fatty Acids (HEFA) stands out as a widely adopted choice in the market. Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and Alcohol to Jet (AtJ) are also notable commercial options. Meanwhile, there are ongoing efforts to bring other pathways for SAF production into commercial viability.